Philippine Literature

A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre- colonial Period Consisted of early Filipino lit passed down orally oral pieces have acommunalauthorship it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary twine brought astir(predicate) by the Spanish colonization however, according to thePhilippine Literature A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. amp Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial stop consonant of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the countrys history Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking c atomic number 18 of the children as well Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures they attempted to explain true natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were per micturateed finished a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance) This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum. Early Forms of Philippine Literature Bugtong (riddles a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb) o Pre-colonial numbers Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok ( intellections about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage) o Epic verse romantic heroes and heroines that atomic number 18 a reflection of the world as perceive d by the early Filipinos. Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, BantuganII. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th late nineteenth century) The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the continuance of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was steadytually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the heading of paganism Christian Folk-Tale In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically godly a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolu tion Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had cause them to shew up to a nationalistic cause Theessaygenre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the peoples cry instead of the sword Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the alibata The Filipino literature of this period became the forerunner of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident. Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week) o Narrative Poems Awit Corrido o Komedya a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by chivalrous characters Notable Works of the Spanish P eriod o Doctrina Christiana (1593) the first book ever published in the Philippines printed by the Dominican Press o whitethorn Bagyo Mat May Rilim according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P.Natin na Tola (1704) eventually referred to as Pasyon, was scripted by Gaspar Aquino de Belen an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino o Ninay (1885) first Filipino novel written Pedro Paterno o Florante at Laura Francisco Balagtas Baltazar though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue which was subtly derived from his work since he left no notes or additional pieces hat may affirm the conclusio n o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) Jose Rizal works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for ones country against the abusive government of the Spaniards o La Solidaridad Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th Mid-20th century) The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish The English talking to eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear however yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role.However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language The Spa nish sarsuwela was eventually replaced by the drama One major(ip)(ip) influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights incubate to build upon and enrich in every generation Beginning with Rizals use of social realism as one of the major hemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries as a r esult of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females. Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o drama Notable Works of the American Period o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) Alejandro G. Abadilla free verse poem o Sa Dakong Silangan Jose Corazon de Jesus a poem written in the vernacular http//lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. htmlPhilippine LiteratureLiterature(fromLatinlitterae(plu ral)letter) is theartofwritten workand can, in close to circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliteratureliterally means things made from letters and thepars pro tototermlettersis sometimes used to signify literature, as in thefigures of speechartsand letters and man of letters. Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsfiction and non-fictionand two major techniques rhyme and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemicworks as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well asbelles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and semipolitical influences. The invention ofgenre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre accommodateromance,mystery,crime,fantasy,erotica, andadven ture, among others.Important historical periods inEnglish literature overwhelmOld English,Middle English, theRenaissance, the 17th one CShakespeareanandElizabethantimes, the 18th CenturyRestoration, 19th CenturyVictorian, and 20th CenturyModernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature includefeminism,post-colonialism,psychoanalysis,post-structuralism,post-modernism,romanticism, andMarxism. Literatures three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms prose, meter, and drama. Prose Proseis derived from a Latin root word,prosa, that means straightforward (other scholars argue that the root for prose isproversa oratio,which mea ns straightforward discourse. Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim ofidentity by negation,prose is frequently defined as that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also containsplotand the attendant storey structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has unquestionableverse. Prosegenresare many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are * novel A lengthy fabricated prose narrative. * novella A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greekpoeteswhich means doer or creator, is a catch-all term t hat is utilise to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset ofverse(and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. Most cultures first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include 1. A informativepurpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique sagacity that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning to do, drama is thought to have highly-developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greekcomedyis traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy(which come s from the Greek wordPhilippine LiteratureLiterature(fromLatinlitterae(plural)letter) is theartofwritten workand can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliteratureliterally means things made from letters and thepars pro tototermlettersis sometimes used to signify literature, as in thefigures of speechartsand letters and man of letters. Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsfiction and non-fictionand two major techniquespoetry and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such aspolemicalworks as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well asbelles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept ofgenre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genr e includeromance,mystery,crime,fantasy,erotica, andadventure, among others.Important historical periods inEnglish literatureincludeOld English,Middle English, theRenaissance, the 17th CenturyShakespeareanandElizabethantimes, the 18th CenturyRestoration, 19th CenturyVictorian, and 20th CenturyModernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature includefeminism,post-colonialism,psychoanalysis,post-structuralism,post-modernism,romanticism, andMarxism. Literatures three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Proseis derived from a Latin root word,prosa, that means straightforward (other scholars argu e that the root for prose isproversa oratio,which means straightforward discourse. Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim ofidentity by negation,prose is frequently defined as that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also containsplotand the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developedverse. Prosegenresare many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are * novel A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greekpoeteswhi ch means doer or creator, is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset ofverse(and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. Most cultures first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include 1. Adidacticpurpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning to do, drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greekcomedyis traced to ancient fe rtility rites. Tragedy(which comes from the Greek word