Alternative Energy Sources and New Technologies :: War Politics Essays

pick Energy Sources and New TechnologiesOil may not be the main reason for our military action against Iraq, but the Middle East has the majority of the worlds oil. If the politics of that area were reorganized and we had not taken military action, Saddam Husein could have cut off his supply of oil to our country, shooting our prices to outrageous heights. If we could lessen our dependency on such countries for oil, our country would be much better off. When a crisis hits the U.S. or when conflict arises, we are always in a bind because of our dependency on other countries for oil. It raises our prices, and with a slow down sinking economy, the citizens cannot handle high prices.Cars and factories put off many different poisonous gasses into our air. These can make people very sick, cause plants and animals to die, and causes our atmosphere to work hazardous while depleting the O-zone layer.Another problem is oil spillage. About 1,000 barrels of oil seep per day into our oc ean waters. About 11,000 barrels of U.S. oil got spilled from tankers from 1980 to 1998. precisely this doesnt include the barrels that were spilled outside of U.S. waters, which was about another 72,000 barrels. These numbers are simply too, high. They are improving, but still need to be decrease more.Alternative resources can solve so many of our countries problems. Alternative resources would cause our politicians to be less worried about an oil crisis because of our relations with other countries, but also it would simply decrease our fuel consumption to be saved for later uses, and drastically help clean our environment such as our air, land, and water.As I mentioned before, we have serious political conflict between countries that are major oil exporters and ourselves. These countries have the power to raise and lower our prices by simply be disturbing the relationship between their nation and ours. In addition, because these countries are not always ready to give us the oil we need, we must conserve our oil. In our reserves alone, we have only 599.3 million bbl. (bbl) of oil stored beneath Texas and in the Louisiana Gulf Coast. This is only enough to cover the supply coming from Iraq for 6 months. We need to save it incase of an extreme emergency.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal acquirePlot SummaryChapter IMr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, was an irresponsible farmer. He was too inebriated to take good care of his animals. The barn animals were fed up with the way Mr. Jones treated them thus they would occasionally have secret meetings at night. archaic major, their leader, had nonionised a meeting that would be held in the big barn. That night, the pigs Snowball, Napoleon and Squealer, the hens, the ducks the two horses Boxer and Clover, Muriel the goat and Benjamin the donkey and the rest all came just to essay what the old pig had to say about the strange dream he had the previous night. He dreamt about an ideal world. He talked to them about life, about their emplacement in life and the problems in life. Their only problem was Man. Man used them for his own purposes his own needs. That, to them, seemed wrong and they knew that they had to do something about it. Old Major mentioned a Rebellion and it was all the animals hoped for. But it was up to them to rebel. Then he thought them a song Beasts of England that they sang on and on to memorize.AnalysisChapter IGeorge Orwells Animal Farm is an allegory* it concerns the toppling of the Russian Imperial rule and its replacement by the communist regime.In this light, the characters introduced in Chapter I represent real, historical figures Mr. Jones is the Czar, Old Major is Lenin and Marx at the same time and as for the rest of the animals, their role will become clear as the story progresses.The animals on Manor Farm (Imperial Russia) ended live in unacceptable conditions, as is evidenced. One of the ironies in this chapter is that the animals are not aware of their lamentable living conditions. This is shown the night that Old Major organized the meeting in the big barn. The animals are surprised and shocked when they realize that they shouldnt be treated like that.Plot SummaryChapter IIA couple of days after the barn meeting, Old Major died. The animals of the farm where preparing for the revolution. Snowball and Napoleon assumed leadership and began giving them speeches about animalism everything Old Major had talked about. The animals only rebelled when Mr. Jones went away for a couple of days and his men forgot to feed them. The starving animals broke the store-sheds door and ate from the bins.

Women In The Odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

The literature composed during the era when the Odyssey was written was directed by men. Woman characters were valued but the but participated in affairs when they had the permission of men. The men, for the most part, directed the womens lives. The themes used in literature were on the subjects that men would be interested in combat warriors, and rulers. municipal affairs, for the most part, were not noted. There is a immense contrast between the Odyssey and other epic poetry of the period. There are several women characters in the Odyssey. in all of them add to plot in significant ways and they are also treated with admiration. The women of the poem change the lives of the gods and men, and how they link in significant ways to wholeness another.genus Penelope, the wife of Odyssues, is the perfect wife and mother. She is also independant and intelligent. Penelopes character is Homers model of the ideal woman. She worries when her son Telemachos sails to locate his father and gri eves over the absence of her husband. Many times throughout the poem Penelope cries herself to sleep, yearning for information of her husbands welfare. Even after nearly twenty years of absence, Penelope still praises of her husband. At any time Penelope could have married one of the suitors and provided a father figure for her son. This fact demonstrate Penelopes loylaty to her husband. . Standing before the suitors, Penelope announces that whoever among them can string the bow and get an arrow through ...

A Comparison of Nihilistic and Christian Archetypes in Beowulf and John

Grendel, Beowulf and the Relationship Between Nihilistic and Christian Archetypes The Wisdom god, Woden, went out to the king of trollsand demanded to know how order might triumph everyplace chaos.Give me your go away eye, said the king of trolls, and Ill tell you.Without hesitation, Woden gave up his left eye.Now tell me.The troll said, The secret is, Watch with both eyeballWodens left eye was the last sure hope of gods and men in their kingdom of light surrounded by darkness. All we have left is Thors hammer, which represents not brute force but art, or, counting both hammerheads, art and criticism The philosophies expressed in the Beowulf epic complement the exploration of existentialist philosophy throughout the modern work, Grendel, by John Gardner. Both works portray different perspectives of the same story, involving the same characters Beowulf, the ancient Anglo-Saxon hero who destroys Grendel, and Grendel, the monster who terrorizes Hrothgars hall. Beowulf and Grendel ac t as archetypes that explore humanitys perception of the world. In the Anglo-Saxon epic, Beowulf and his companions represent good, and the monsters, including Grendel, represent evil. When Beowulf kills Grendel, the world is less evil, but since Beowulfs companions endure in the struggle, the world is also less good. Ultimately, the two forces of good and evil will destroy each other, but the story maintains that God will interject and save mankind from destruction. In Gardners story, the progression of society begins when mankind creates a monster and then creates a hero to fight the monster. Once the great power of the hero had been established, once the conflicts resolution strengthened societys power, than a greater monster developed ... ...fact, it is the saving blow up of mankind the hope that God will save society and establish harmony and justice. The modern story takes the opposite view it shows what happens when hope is lost, when society has nowhere to turn it is a more pessimistic, more complicated view of humanitys progress.Throughout this paper, G after a characters name refers to Gardner AS to Beowulf the poem.Works CitedGardner, John. Grendel , unexampled York Vintage Books Edition, 1989.Gardner, John. Moral Fiction. New York Basic Books Inc, 1977.Heany, Seamus. Beowulf A Modern Translation. New York Farrer, Straus, and Giroux, 2000.Sources CitedCohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Monster Theory. George Washington University www.upress.umn.edu/Books/C/cohen_monster.html, 2001.Johnson, Tim. Grendel. New York www.panix.com/iayork/Literary/Grendel/grendel2.html, 2001.

Essay --

Cyrano de Bergerac is a play about a man named Cyrano de Bergerac, a poet and a superb swordsman who contains a terribly giant nose. Hes in love with his cousin, Roxanne. Cyrano never tells Roxanne how he feels concerning her therefore she has no motif of his love for her. Within the play Cyrano is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is a great, noble, heroic character. The dictionary.com definition of a tragic hero states, tout ensemble tragic heroes have a tragic flaw and since of that flaw the hero is destined for a downfall, suffering, or defeat the tragic hero is the character that the absolute majority readers will sympathize or empathize with. Cyrano is different from the contemporary anti-hero however his death was foreshadowed by his actions. Cyrano has all of these traits. Heroic principles and values are necessary of a tragic hero. Whether its showing honor in battle, by charging at enemy lines to redeem his fallen friend Christian, or his loyalty to Roxanne by visiting her f rom each one week and comforting her at the church until his death, displays why he was the hero. Cyranos admirable traits may be seen as the cause of his downfall. His low self-esteem is why hes to a fault afraid to inform Roxanne how he feels about her. Hes terrified of rejection. Not only is He to proud to ever except defeat in battle by never backing down from a fight but also he is too proud to tell Roxanne how he feels for he believes he will be defeated. This is a great deal the reason why he has gained such a large amount of enemies throughout his life. His pride, along with his low self-esteem, is a burden that weighs him down throughout the play. Cyrano was an excellent example of a tragic hero for hes a great hero but with tragic flaws, ultimately resulting in his defeat. His... ...ce, possesses admirable traits and characteristics, and has a tragic downfall. Hes strong and intelligent, however with a weakness over his sense of pride. His nose and how seriously he take s himself, makes him a tragic hero. He cannot believe that anybody is able to see beyond his physical characteristics. Cyrano de Bergerac does what he pleases and most actually says whatever is on his mind. He speaks through rejoicing actions, always thinking of how to make himself stand out or to look intelligent. He never backs down from a fight or a confrontation, and this is often where his pride will continuously persuade his sense. Cyrano only grows in pride, and his temper grows shorter, through the play so the characters dont even say the word nose anywhere close to him. Cyrano was a good tragic hero that the audience loves who sadly has tragic flaws that cause his demise.

Essay --

Cyrano de Bergerac is a duck soup about a man named Cyrano de Bergerac, a poet and a superb fencer who contains a terribly giant nose. Hes in love with his cousin, Roxanne. Cyrano neer tells Roxanne how he feels concerning her therefore she has no idea of his love for her. Within the play Cyrano is a tragical hero. A tragic hero is a great, noble, heroic character. The dictionary.com definition of a tragic hero states, All tragic heroes have a tragic flaw and since of that flaw the hero is destined for a downfall, suffering, or defeat the tragic hero is the character that the majority readers will sympathize or empathize with. Cyrano is different from the contemporary anti-hero however his death was foreshadowed by his actions. Cyrano has all of these traits. Heroic principles and values are necessary of a tragic hero. Whether its showing reward in battle, by charging at enemy lines to redeem his fallen friend Christian, or his loyalty to Roxanne by visiting her each week and com forting her at the church until his death, displays why he was the hero. Cyranos admirable traits may be seen as the cause of his downfall. His low self-esteem is why hes too afraid to inform Roxanne how he feels about her. Hes terrified of rejection. Not only is He to proud to ever except defeat in battle by never backing down from a fight but also he is too proud to tell Roxanne how he feels for he retrieves he will be defeated. This is often the reason why he has gained such a large amount of enemies passim his life. His pride, along with his low self-esteem, is a burden that weighs him down throughout the play. Cyrano was an excellent example of a tragic hero for hes a great hero but with tragic flaws, ultimately resulting in his defeat. His... ...ce, possesses admirable traits and characteristics, and has a tragic downfall. Hes strong and intelligent, however with a weakness over his sense of pride. His nose and how seriously he takes himself, soak ups him a tragic hero. He cannot believe that anybody is able to see beyond his physical characteristics. Cyrano de Bergerac does what he pleases and most actually says whatever is on his mind. He speaks through prideful actions, always thinking of how to make himself stand out or to look intelligent. He never backs down from a fight or a confrontation, and this is often where his pride will forever persuade his sense. Cyrano only grows in pride, and his temper grows shorter, through the play so the characters dont even say the word nose anywhere near him. Cyrano was a good tragic hero that the audience loves who sadly has tragic flaws that cause his demise.

Lullabies for Little Criminals

Child development is the genetic and internal changes that occur in children during earliest years. There atomic number 18 many internal and external factors that meet a childs growth and development. The connection between a childs environment and a childs development are explored in cusk ONeills lullabies for little criminals where a child named do by becomes a product of her environment. This is explored through the early death of Babys mother, her being raised by a young father and her fathers drug addiction. Babys unwholesome decisions and choices come from a lack of guidance necessary for a childs accessible growth and development.The absence of a mother in Babys life is without a doubt one of the nearly significant factor in how her life turns out. Not having a mother to guide her, encourage and mold her to become a healthy young adult is evident end-to-end the nurse as the strategic life lessons from a mother was never instilled. Although Baby is grateful for her f ather, Juless attempts at parenting her, she recognizes that he is unable to take premeditation of him ego, therefrom unable to give Baby the nurturing environment necessary for a child to flourish.This is evident when she laments Jules tried to be a mother, but hed endlessly amiable of fallen short on the mark (ONeill, 186). Furthermore, Baby does non understand the feeling of unconditional bash that mothers often have towards their children which ca designs her to look for love in all the wrong places. Without a mother in her life, Baby does non have someone she can lean on for some of the most sanctioned roles of a parental figure, and she grows up feeling ashamed of what she has becomes.Hence, Baby reflects on her outcome when she states I thought that if my mother met me now, all grown up, she would be disappointed (ONeill, 97). Without guidance Baby succumbs to the life of drugs, alcohol and prostitution, a fate she feels was inevitable given the lack of maternal love. Nevertheless, in her insightful moments Baby states that, A lot of kids get the privilege of looking at themselves through their mothers eyes. I could only see my egotism through my own eyes, and sometimes I could barely stand to look (ONeill, 186).Here Baby Speaks matter-of-factly, without any resentment towards her mother but more resolute that her life is shaped by her circumstances without love, self esteem or respect for self. In A Theory of Human Motivation, A. H. Maslow writes We have what we may call the desire for reputation or prestige (defining it as respect or esteem from other people), recognition, attention, importance or appreciation. These needs have been relatively stressed by Alfred Adler and his followers, and have been relatively neglected by Freud and the psychoanalysts.More and more today however there is appearing widespread appreciation of their central importance. (Maslow,1943,370-396) The instinctive needs and reassurance mothers provide their girlfriend s with is what Baby searches for throughout the have got. Therefore the lack of guidance and nurturing is arguably some of the root causes of her poor decision making, as she continues looking for love in the wrong places. When Baby was born, her parents were teenagers and therefore ill prepared for the responsibilities of taking care of a child.Her early childhood was characterized by neglect as a result her behavior inevitably changes for the worst. She learns early on that adults in her life are not reliable. For instance, when her father is released from the hospital, Baby was under the impression that her father will come for her immediately however, she is disappointed when he fails to come for her. She expresses her disappointment by saying I thought Jules was still in the hospital. I thought the day theyd release him, hed hitchhike right over to the foster home and get me. (ONeill, 50)Jules is unable to understand that Baby has no one to depend on but him and he is present ed as negligent of her needs through out the book. Jules is unable to put the needs of others above his own, and in return shows Baby that the only thing important in life is yourself. Baby wants nothing but a stable and nurturing home environment but Jules is unable to provide the basic necessities for her. In Contemporary Liberalism and the Fate of American Children David L. Tubbs writes Children depend on adults for many things, and this dependence encompasses more than material needs.Certain intangible goodseducation, for exampleare just as crucial to their well-being. (Tubbs, 2007, 1) This idea is especially true in lullabies for little criminals where the emotional bond Baby yearns for, her younger father is unable to provide. This lack of caring for his daughter can also be seen when he is taken away by the police, leaving Baby stranded and confused, As the cop car pulled away, I waved to Jules in the backseat. He had been too distracted to even notice me being hit by a car ( ONeill, 57).As a child, Baby has learned to be self reliant and independent. Nonetheless Baby witnessing her fathers run in with the law profoundly affects her attitude towards the law as she herself becomes a prostitute and an addict. Despite the fact that Jules does not seem to care intimately Babys well being, she rationalizes his brusk parenting as simply lack of experience. Throughout the novel Baby chooses to make decisions that are not in her best interest simply because thats all that she knows. It is this lack of guidance that paves the way for Babys poor decision making.Babys inadequate and drug addicted father is unable to provide the appropriate environment for her to learn the skills needed for success in life. As Baby talks about her fathers drug addiction she makes a remark that is telling. She says For a kid I knew a lot of things about what it felt like to use heroine. (ONeill,10) Early on in life, Baby is aware of her fathers dependency on drugs and is given no c hoice but to take on the parental role within her family. Baby has never been told otherwise and will never understand the dangers of heroin use.At a young age she already feels the anguish and pleasure that comes along with drugs. In turn, Baby naively begins to glorify heroin as she associates it with happy times in her life. This is demonstrated in the book when Baby talks about her father and his friends, They made me laugh so much. I thought they were the coolest group of humans that ever lived. (ONeill, 72). Early on in the book Baby is introduced to drugs, thus she makes a connection between drugs and happiness. Unfortunately, she does not have responsible adults in her life to tell her the negative effects of drugs, and hence she does not grasp the dangers of drug use.This is later proven when Baby decides that she is, firm on the idea that she would become a drug addict too now. she didnt care what drug she was going to be addicted to. (ONeill, 72) Baby idolizes her father and he willingly or not, leads her to believe happiness can be gained through drugs. In the book Jules is arrested for possession of heroin and Baby says that, Since Jules had started using heroin again it was inevitable that he would be arrested (ONeill, 57). Baby has become accustomed to her fathers abuse of drugs and understands the large presence it has on her and her fathers life.The certainty in her statement also foreshadows the events that occur in her own life if she followed in his footsteps. Baby understands no other alternative than going to prison for her father or for herself. Likewise, Jules is unable to understand that by letting Baby grow up in this kind of environment, it is inevitable that she will adopt these actions and behaviors as the norm and mimic them in the future. By adopting the life skills and choices of her father, Jules has trapped Baby within a life of lousy choices.Child development is the biological and emotional changes people go through during childhood and there are many factors that can affect a childs growth and development. Heather ONeills lullabies for little criminals explores the similarities between a childs environment and development through Babys bad decisions and choices and how they originated from lack of guidance necessary for a childs social growth and development. This is seen through Babys mother early death, her father tiptop her at an early age, and her fathers addiction to heroin.

Kafka and Grimm

Kafka presents a very different trading floor line themed to estrangement than Tolstoy The Metamorphosis is not subtle in its allusion to how Gregor feels, nor is it sly in its presentation of how Gregor is treated. Upon awakening one morning Gregor finds that he has been transformed into a monstrous vermin. Despite this reality, Gregor does not preoccupy himself with his own change that focuses on the dreary weather outside the rain, the wind. He does not fully realize his situation in least and goes to the highest degree his diurnal routines without worrying about his great transformation When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.He was lying on his back as hard as armor plate, and when he lifted his head a little, he saw his vaulted brown belly, sectioned by arch-shaped ribs, to whose dome the c everyplace, about to slide off completely, could barely cling. His many legs, pitifully thin compared w ith the size of the rest of him, were waving helplessly before his eyes. (P. 3). This description of change is extreme and yet, in spite of its severity or alternating course of animation, Gregor does not recognize it as anything in particular. Through this, the proofreader realizes the extent of Gregors insanity from himself, when such a physical difference is presented to him from his own body he chooses not to recognize it, and thus, the theme of alienation from self is made clear from the start of the novella.Through Gregors family the reader realizes a sense of extreme change. Despite Gregors displaced emotion of his own body and geography, his family recognizes quite clearly the situation. It is in this moment that Gregors previous alienation of him takes on a more physical and apparent form as seen when Gregor first steps or crawls out of his bedroom after his discourse of detest his job, And now he could see him, standing closest to the door, his hand pressed over his o pen mouth, slowly backing away, as if repulsed by an invisible, unrelenting force.His overprotect in spite of the managers presence she stood with her hair still unbraided from the night, sticking out in all directions first looked at his get under ones skin with her hands clasped, then took deuce steps towards Gregor, and sank down in the midst of her skirt spreading out nearly her, her face completely hidden on her breast. With a hostile sort his father clenched his fist, as if to drive Gregor back into his room, then looked uncertainly around the living room, shielded his eyes with his hands, and sobbed with heaves of his powerful chest. (P. 15). It is in this tell bosh(a) narrative that the reader grasps how grotesque Gregor has become. He has already been alienating himself from his family, and keeping to himself, and not be relatable and thus, his family truly cannot recognize him anymore, it merely took the physical representation of his alienation for this to occur.I t is through Gregors family that the theme of alienation persists. Gregor had been the provider of the family and with recognition, Those had been wonderful times, and they had never returned, at least not with the same glory, although later on Gregor earned complete money to meet the expenses of the entire family and actually did so. They had just gotten used to it, the family as well as Gregor, the money was received with thanks and given with pleasure. (P. 27). Thus it would calculate that Gregors alienation has erupted because he is displeased with his job, yet he keeps his job because that is his role in his family and with this in mind, it seems that Gregor does not want to be placed in that role any longer.The theme of alienation is seen in Kafkas narrative, Into a room in which Gregor ruled the bare walls all alone, no human being beside Grete was ever likely to set foot. (P. 30). So, with his family no longer seeing him as the provider the manifestation of harbored feelin gs rise in the form of a vermin and Gregor cannot get across the truth of his existence any longer from his family his family rejects Gregor, and he dies.Thus, Gregors death is the ultimate alienation, and his rejection by his family is the tribute to such a theme, Gregors serious wound, from which he suffered for over a month the apple remained imbedded in his flesh as a visible souvenir since no one dared to remove it seemed to have reminded even his father that Gregor was a member of the family, in spite of his present pathetic and repulsive shape, who could not be treated as an enemy that on the contrary, it was the commandment of family responsibleness to swallow their disgust and endure him, endure him and nothing more. (P. 40).The concept of metamorphoses is not a foreign idea in literature as the Brothers Grimm have used this technique in many instances. The transformation side of a fairy tale is found in a plethora of tales including, The anuran King or Iron Henry, and to an extent, Little Red-Cap. Each of these stories illustrates a stage of transformation either as a curse, or as a mover to gain something. In The Frog King or Iron Henry a prince is transformed into a frog in a tale of bewitchment. The story differs on the concept between whether the princess kisses or throws the frog in order for the frog to transform back into a prince.The tale of this kind is different from Kafkas due to the nature and the way in which the transformation changes the main character. For Gregor, the metamorphoses relates to his family and other problems with life, while with the prince/frog the concept of the tale revolves around the change of the people around the prince/frog such as the princess and Henry, the servant.The transformation of the people around the prince/frog is well established with the snide behavior of the princess changing into a more cultured person, and the princes servant Henry who had bound his heart with gold bonds in order so that it would not break on the prince having been cursed into being a frog. Thus, the fundamental difference between these two stories rests with the outside characters being changed in the Grimms tale and the physical change in Gregor but relating to him.In another Grimm tale Little Red-Cap a little girl who adores her grandma goes to see her only to find a wolf in her place dressed in her grandmothers clothing in order to deceive the little girl and to consume her. Although the element of consumption is similar in Kafkas story as in Gregor feeling consumed by the world he lives in and does not feel satisfaction in and thus is consumed by it, so does the wolf confide to consume the little girl.The story of transformation in Little Red-Cap involves changing an animal into a human and thus the change regarded for these two stories revolves around a human changing into an animal (insect) and an animal changing into a human each for the purpose of consumption but in different regards. Greg or changes into an insect in relation to an unfulfillment of life while the wolf changes into a human in order to be fulfilled. For both stories their desires are not met as the wolf is only fulfilled with stones and then skinned and Gregor is not given a chance to find fulfillment as he was a wastrel in life having neither goal nor purpose and thus his ebb of desire lessens and lessens until he is killed.Work CitedKafka, F. The Metamorphosis. Crown. 2003.http//www.familymanagement.com/literacy/grimms/grimms20.htmlhttp//www.familymanagement.com/literacy/grimms/grimms01.html

Literary analysis of the crucible Essay

Arthur milling machine is a great author that uses many forms of syntax, figurative record books, and diction to enhance his physical composition throughout The crucible. milling machine uses figurative language throughout The Crucible, to put emphasis on certain ideas and things. miller also uses diction in The Crucible to order that the tommyrot is taking place in the past and to give the stratum a more biblical feel to it. One other thing that Arthur milling machine does really well is his use of syntax. He uses syntax throughout The Crucible to show the intelligence levels of different characters. milling machine uses these three different things in cabal throughout The Crucible to enhance the explanation and to tell the story of the witch craft trials in an insightful way.Miller uses diction, all through The Crucible, to show that the story being told is taking place in the past and to make the story have a biblical effect to it. In Act three, John invigilate begs for his name to not be blotted out and says, Tell them I confessed myself say proctor broke his knees and wept like a fair sex. Through, using the word woman instead of baby, which most of people would use in this beat period, he uses the word woman, which gives the reader a feeling of being in the past, because in that time woman were looked upon as second class citizens. When Proctor and Abigail speak with each other in Act one, Abigail explains to Proctor that Elizabeth is talking bad about her and that she is downfall her name in the community. She explains this to him by saying, She is blackening my name in the village.From, the diction that Miller uses by using the word blackening, it puts an old feeling to the story and it also puts a biblical feel to the story, which enhances the story by making you feel like you are in the 1690s. Another great example of Miller using diction to make the story feel old and biblical is in Act two when, Elizabeth explains to Proctor that it is not her that judges him, but he judges himself. She says to him, The magistrate that sits in your heart that judges you. By, using these words to simply say Im not judging you youre judging yourself Miller makes it feel as if The Crucible was written in the 1690s when, in actuality it was written in the 1950s.Arthur Miller also uses Figurative language in The Crucible very well, toput emphasis on things and make them seem more important. In Act two of The Crucible Proctor explains to Elizabeth that she is being cold hearted and having no mercy by saying oh, Elizabeth, your justice would freeze beer. Beer has a very low freezing point by using this figurative language Miller puts emphasis on how cold hearted Elizabeth is being. In Act two of The Crucible Francis Nurse defends his wife against her accusation of witchcraft by saying, My wife is the very brick and trench mortar of the church. This use of figurative language by Miller puts great emphasis on how important his wife is to the church.Not only is she important to the church, but this reference emphasizes her importance, by telling the reader that the church would be nothing without her. Another great use of figurative language used by Miller is in Act two when Proctor says I will curse her hotter than the oldest cinder. This is said when, Proctor, discovers that Abigail is accusing his wife of witch craft. By, Miller using figurative language he puts a great emphasis on something that simply means go to hell. By, Miller putting emphasis on his writing he makes it much more entertaining and dramatic, to read The Crucible.Throughout The Crucible Miller uses syntax to show the education levels of different characters. The character Tituba, a slave from Barbados, says, He say Mr. Parris must be kill Mr. Parris no goodly man, Mr. Parris, mean man and no gentle man. She says this in Act one, when explaining how she was possessed, by the devil. Miller uses the word order of Tituba to show that she is not ver y well educated. On the other hand, he uses the word order of what Danforth, in Act three says, I am amazed to find you in such uproar. I have only good report of your character. to show that Danforth is educated.Arthur Millers, peculiar, use of diction gives the readers the feeling of the story taking place in the 1690s. He also uses figurative language to exaggerate and put emphasis on things. One other thing that Miller does really well is use syntax to show how some characters are educated more than others. Arthur Miller uses these three things to tell the story of The Crucible in an exciting and eventful way. Because, he does this he makes a story that could be as boring as watching paint dry, and turns it into avery matter to story.

Philippine Literature

A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre- colonial Period Consisted of early Filipino lit passed down orally oral pieces have acommunalauthorship it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary twine brought astir(predicate) by the Spanish colonization however, according to thePhilippine Literature A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. amp Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial stop consonant of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the countrys history Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking c atomic number 18 of the children as well Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures they attempted to explain true natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were per micturateed finished a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance) This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum. Early Forms of Philippine Literature Bugtong (riddles a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb) o Pre-colonial numbers Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok ( intellections about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage) o Epic verse romantic heroes and heroines that atomic number 18 a reflection of the world as perceive d by the early Filipinos. Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, BantuganII. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th late nineteenth century) The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the continuance of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was steadytually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the heading of paganism Christian Folk-Tale In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically godly a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolu tion Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had cause them to shew up to a nationalistic cause Theessaygenre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the peoples cry instead of the sword Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the alibata The Filipino literature of this period became the forerunner of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident. Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week) o Narrative Poems Awit Corrido o Komedya a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by chivalrous characters Notable Works of the Spanish P eriod o Doctrina Christiana (1593) the first book ever published in the Philippines printed by the Dominican Press o whitethorn Bagyo Mat May Rilim according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P.Natin na Tola (1704) eventually referred to as Pasyon, was scripted by Gaspar Aquino de Belen an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino o Ninay (1885) first Filipino novel written Pedro Paterno o Florante at Laura Francisco Balagtas Baltazar though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue which was subtly derived from his work since he left no notes or additional pieces hat may affirm the conclusio n o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) Jose Rizal works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for ones country against the abusive government of the Spaniards o La Solidaridad Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th Mid-20th century) The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish The English talking to eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear however yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role.However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language The Spa nish sarsuwela was eventually replaced by the drama One major(ip)(ip) influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights incubate to build upon and enrich in every generation Beginning with Rizals use of social realism as one of the major hemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries as a r esult of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females. Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o drama Notable Works of the American Period o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) Alejandro G. Abadilla free verse poem o Sa Dakong Silangan Jose Corazon de Jesus a poem written in the vernacular http//lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. htmlPhilippine LiteratureLiterature(fromLatinlitterae(plu ral)letter) is theartofwritten workand can, in close to circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliteratureliterally means things made from letters and thepars pro tototermlettersis sometimes used to signify literature, as in thefigures of speechartsand letters and man of letters. Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsfiction and non-fictionand two major techniques rhyme and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemicworks as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well asbelles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and semipolitical influences. The invention ofgenre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre accommodateromance,mystery,crime,fantasy,erotica, andadven ture, among others.Important historical periods inEnglish literature overwhelmOld English,Middle English, theRenaissance, the 17th one CShakespeareanandElizabethantimes, the 18th CenturyRestoration, 19th CenturyVictorian, and 20th CenturyModernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature includefeminism,post-colonialism,psychoanalysis,post-structuralism,post-modernism,romanticism, andMarxism. Literatures three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms prose, meter, and drama. Prose Proseis derived from a Latin root word,prosa, that means straightforward (other scholars argue that the root for prose isproversa oratio,which mea ns straightforward discourse. Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim ofidentity by negation,prose is frequently defined as that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also containsplotand the attendant storey structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has unquestionableverse. Prosegenresare many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are * novel A lengthy fabricated prose narrative. * novella A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greekpoeteswhich means doer or creator, is a catch-all term t hat is utilise to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset ofverse(and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. Most cultures first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include 1. A informativepurpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique sagacity that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning to do, drama is thought to have highly-developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greekcomedyis traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy(which come s from the Greek wordPhilippine LiteratureLiterature(fromLatinlitterae(plural)letter) is theartofwritten workand can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliteratureliterally means things made from letters and thepars pro tototermlettersis sometimes used to signify literature, as in thefigures of speechartsand letters and man of letters. Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsfiction and non-fictionand two major techniquespoetry and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such aspolemicalworks as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well asbelles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept ofgenre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genr e includeromance,mystery,crime,fantasy,erotica, andadventure, among others.Important historical periods inEnglish literatureincludeOld English,Middle English, theRenaissance, the 17th CenturyShakespeareanandElizabethantimes, the 18th CenturyRestoration, 19th CenturyVictorian, and 20th CenturyModernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature includefeminism,post-colonialism,psychoanalysis,post-structuralism,post-modernism,romanticism, andMarxism. Literatures three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Proseis derived from a Latin root word,prosa, that means straightforward (other scholars argu e that the root for prose isproversa oratio,which means straightforward discourse. Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim ofidentity by negation,prose is frequently defined as that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also containsplotand the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developedverse. Prosegenresare many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are * novel A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greekpoeteswhi ch means doer or creator, is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset ofverse(and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. Most cultures first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include 1. Adidacticpurpose, meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning to do, drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greekcomedyis traced to ancient fe rtility rites. Tragedy(which comes from the Greek word